Which of these software components allows for integration with web applications?

The correct answer is ArcGIS Web Adaptor, as it is specifically designed to facilitate the integration of ArcGIS Server and ArcGIS Enterprise with web applications. The Web Adaptor acts as a bridge between the web server and the ArcGIS Server, enabling easier management of web-based applications and improving security by providing a single access point. Its primary role is to handle requests from web applications and direct them appropriately to ArcGIS Server services.

While other components play important roles in the ArcGIS Enterprise platform, they do not serve the same function in terms of direct integration with web applications. For instance, ArcGIS Data Store is used for managing spatial data, while Portal for ArcGIS provides a collaborative web environment for sharing and managing geographic information, and ArcGIS Server is responsible for running GIS services but does not directly facilitate integration without the Web Adaptor. Therefore, the unique capability of the ArcGIS Web Adaptor to connect web applications with GIS services makes it the correct choice in this context.