What is a SQL-based query used for in ArcGIS services?

A SQL-based query is specifically designed to interact with databases by allowing users to retrieve specific records that match defined criteria. In the context of ArcGIS services, this is particularly useful for accessing geospatial data stored in a database. By writing a query using SQL syntax, users can filter datasets to extract only the information they need, such as particular attributes of features or records that meet certain conditions.

This capability enhances the efficiency of data management and analysis within ArcGIS. For example, if a user wants to display only the features from a dataset that meet a certain attribute requirement—like retrieving all parcels of land larger than a specified size—a SQL query allows them to do so quickly and effectively. This targeted retrieval is essential for analyzing geographic information and making data-driven decisions.

The other options do not align with the primary function of SQL-based queries in ArcGIS. Creating new maps from scratch generally involves different tools and workflows, while manipulating the look of a map pertains to styling and visual representation rather than data retrieval. Opening data files directly doesn't involve SQL or queries; instead, it's about accessing and viewing the file's content. Thus, the function of SQL-based queries in ArcGIS is to facilitate specific data retrieval based on defined criteria, making option B the correct choice