How are user roles established in Portal for ArcGIS?

User roles in Portal for ArcGIS are established through the administration settings, where administrators define what access levels and modification capabilities users will have within the portal. This process involves assigning roles that dictate permissions related to content creation, editing, sharing, and more. By doing this, administrators ensure that users can perform specific actions aligned with their responsibilities and the organization’s governance model.

The administration settings provide a structured way to manage user permissions, allowing for a clear hierarchy of access that fits the operational needs of the organization. Through this approach, administrators can also adjust roles as necessary based on changing project requirements or organizational policies, fostering a secure and efficient environment for collaboration and data management.

Other options do not accurately reflect how roles are established. For instance, community feedback, self-selection, and fixed default roles do not provide the control or specificity needed for managing user permissions effectively in a professional setting like Portal for ArcGIS.